Pagination in PHP with PDO (LIMIT and OFFSET)

Pagination is essential for lists like: - posts - products - users You should not load 10,000 rows at once. ## Step 1: Read page number safely ```php $page = (int)($_GET['page'] ?? 1); if ($page < 1) $page = 1; $limit = 10; $offset = ($page - 1) * $limit; ``` ## Step 2: Query with LIMIT/OFFSET Important: LIMIT/OFFSET should be integers, not strings. ```php $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, title FROM posts ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT :limit OFFSET :offset"); $stmt->bindValue(":limit", $limit, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(":offset", $offset, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->execute(); $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(); ``` ## Step 3: Simple page links ```php $next = $page + 1; $prev = max(1, $page - 1); ``` ```html <a href="?page=<?php echo $prev; ?>">Prev</a> <a href="?page=<?php echo $next; ?>">Next</a> ``` > Next: File uploads, the secure way (most beginners do it wrong).