Database Migrations Concept (Track DB Changes Like Code)

A migration is a versioned script that changes the database structure.

Without migrations:

• teams manually edit DB
• environments drift apart (dev vs prod)
• changes get lost

With migrations:

• DB changes are tracked in git
• you can apply changes in a controlled order
• rollback becomes possible

Migration lifecycle idea

flowchart TD
  A[Write migration] --> B[Commit to git]
  B --> C[Run in dev]
  C --> D[Run in staging]
  D --> E[Run in production]

This is a core professional practice for any serious app.

Next: Caching, speed up pages and reduce database load.