CRUD in PHP with PDO (Create, Read, Update, Delete)

CRUD is the backbone of most apps. Let’s build it in a clean way.

Example table: posts

```sql CREATE TABLE posts ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, title VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, body TEXT NOT NULL, created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); ```

Create (INSERT)

```php $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO posts (title, body) VALUES (:title, :body)"); $stmt->execute(["title" => $title, "body" => $body]); ```

Read (SELECT all)

```php $rows = $pdo->query("SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY id DESC")->fetchAll(); ```

Update

```php $stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE posts SET title=:title, body=:body WHERE id=:id"); $stmt->execute(["title" => $title, "body" => $body, "id" => $id]); ```

Delete

```php $stmt = $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM posts WHERE id=:id"); $stmt->execute(["id" => $id]); ```

Tip for real projects

Wrap DB logic in functions or a small class so pages stay clean.

> Next: Password hashing, secure login foundations.