Python Tuples

A tuple is similar to a list, but with one key difference: tuples are immutable (you cannot change them after creation).

Tuples are used for:
- coordinates (lat, lon)
- RGB colors
- returning multiple values from a function
- fixed records that shouldn’t be edited

## Create tuples

```python
coordinates = (40.7128, -74.0060)  # New York
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
single = (5,)  # 1-item tuple needs a comma

print(coordinates)
print(colors)
print(single)
```

Expected output:

```
(40.7128, -74.006)
('red', 'green', 'blue')
(5,)
```

## Access tuple items

```python
point = (10, 20, 30)

print(point[0])
print(point[-1])
```

Expected output:

```
10
30
```

## Tuples vs lists (what changes)

```python
cities = ["Miami", "Austin"]
cities[0] = "Denver"
print(cities)

coords = (10, 20)
# coords[0] = 15  # would error
print(coords)
```

Expected output:

```
['Denver', 'Austin']
(10, 20)
```

## Unpacking tuples (very common)

```python
lat, lon = (34.0522, -118.2437)  # Los Angeles
print(lat)
print(lon)
```

Expected output:

```
34.0522
-118.2437
```

## Real concept: why immutability helps

Immutability prevents accidental edits. If your coordinates change by mistake, your map logic breaks. Tuples protect fixed data.

## Graph: list vs tuple

```mermaid
flowchart TD
  A[List] --> B[Mutable, can update]
  A --> C[append/remove allowed]
  D[Tuple] --> E[Immutable, fixed values]
  D --> F[Best for constant data]
```

In the next lesson, you will learn sets, which are designed for uniqueness and fast membership checks.