Model Observers: Audit Changes Without Messy Controllers

Observers let you react to model events like created, updated, deleted. This helps for: - audit logs - cache invalidation - notifications ## Create an observer ```bash php artisan make:observer PostObserver --model=Post ``` ## Example: log updates ```php public function updated(Post $post): void { AuditLog::create([ 'entity' => 'post', 'entity_id' => $post->id, 'action' => 'updated', 'user_id' => auth()->id(), ]); } ``` ## Register observer ```php Post::observe(PostObserver::class); ``` ## Flow ```mermaid flowchart LR A[Post Updated] --> B[Observer Triggered] B --> C[Audit Log Saved] ``` In the next tutorial, we will implement request validation + DTO patterns for cleaner services.